1. Accounting tasks:

Accountant is understood as a person who records, receives, processes and provides information to reflect the financial performance of an organization, business, unit, state agencies,…

Pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 of the 2015 Accounting Law, accountants must perform tasks including the following:

– Perform the work of collecting and processing accounting information and data according to the subject and content of accounting work, according to prescribed accounting standards and accounting regimes;

– Check and monitor financial revenues and expenditures, collection and payment obligations, and debt payments;

– Have the obligation to inspect the management and use of assets and sources of asset formation; detect and prevent violations of financial and accounting laws;

– Analyze accounting information and data; Advise and propose solutions to serve the management requirements and economic and financial decisions of the accounting unit.

– Provide accounting information and data according to the provisions of law.

2. What is the accounting regime?

When doing accounting work, the person doing this job must ensure that they comply with the accounting regime. Pursuant to the provisions of Clause 2, Article 3 of the 2015 Accounting Law, the accounting regime is defined as the instructions and regulations on accounting in a certain field or a number of specific tasks issued by the agency. State management of accounting or an organization authorized to promulgate by a competent State agency in charge of accounting.

Currently, according to current law, there are accounting regimes applied to each specific enterprise:

– Enterprise accounting regime is regulated by Circular No. 200/2014/TT-BTC;

– Securities company accounting regime is regulated by Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC;

– The accounting regime for small and medium enterprises is regulated by Circular No. 133/2016/TT-BTC;

– Micro-enterprise accounting regime is regulated by Circular No. 132/2018/TT-BTC;

– Administrative and professional accounting regime is regulated by Circular No. 107/2017/TT-BTC...

There are also a number of accounting regimes regulated by other specific Circulars.

3. Accounting principles and accounting methods applied to accountants working at securities companies:

Pursuant to the provisions of Article 3 of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC issued by the Minister of Finance, accounting principles and accounting methods are applied to accountants working at securities companies. as follows:

– Accountants working at securities companies must comply with accounting principles and accounting methods prescribed in the 2015 Accounting Law along with Vietnamese Accounting Standards, relevant legal documents and other regulations. specific regulations of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC;

– Fair value accounting principles and methods are only applied when the current Accounting Law allows the application of fair value principles;

– This Circular regulates the specific applications in accounting work for securities companies.

4. Regulations on accounting regime for securities companies:

4.1. Accounting document regime for securities companies:

Currently, the accounting document regime for securities companies is governed by Section 1, Chapter II of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC. Accordingly, accounting documents are defined as papers and objects that carry information that reflect financial and economic operations that have arisen and have been completed as a basis for recording in accounting books.

To implement the accounting document regime for securities companies, accountants must know how to prepare accounting documents and comply with the principles of preparing and signing documents as prescribed in Article 5 and Article 6 of Circular No. 210. /2014/TT-BTC. According to the above regulations, the preparation of accounting documents is carried out as follows:

– The content of accounting documents must be complete with criteria, clear and honest with the content of arising operations;

– Writing in documents must be clear, not erased or abbreviated;

– Documents recording the amount of money collected must be written in both numbers and words. Accordingly, the amount in words must match the amount in numbers;

– Accounting vouchers must be prepared in sufficient numbers as prescribed;

– Accounting documents prepared by computer must ensure the prescribed content for accounting documents prescribed by current law;

– All accounting documents must have enough signatures according to the title specified on the document to be valid. Particularly, electronic documents must have electronic signatures according to current law regulations on this issue;

Note: The signature of the head of the securities company such as the General Director, Director or authorized person of the chief accountant (or authorized person) and the stamp on the document must be consistent with the remaining seal and signature sample. Registered value at commercial bank. The accountant's signature on the documents must be the same as the signature registered with the chief accountant;

Thus, the implementation of the accounting document preparation regime of the Securities Company is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Section 1, Part II of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC. The preparation of content and signatures shown on documents must comply with the provisions of Article 5 and Article 6 of this Circular.

4.2. Accounting account system regime applied to securities companies:

The accounting regime for this account system is implemented according to the provisions of Article 12 of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC. According to this regulation, accounting accounts include: accounting accounts used to classify and systematize economic and financial operations.

The accounting account system of a securities company must comply with the system principles including 04 account levels: level 1 account, level 2 account, level 3 account, level 4 account and Balance Sheet. Accounting and Off-Balance Sheet Accounting Accounts as prescribed in Clause 2, Article 12 of this Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC.

Securities companies will base on the accounting account system in the accounting instructions to apply to their securities companies to suit each company's activities, in accordance with the content and results. Structure and accounting method of general accounting accounts with corresponding contents.

4.3. Accounting book regime at Securities Company:

Pursuant to the provisions of Clause 1, Article 13 of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC, accounting books are defined as a type of book used to record, systematize and store all economic and financial operations. arising according to economic content and chronological order related to the activities of the Securities Company.

According to the provisions of this Circular, each securities company will have an accounting book system for one accounting period in the year. According to the provisions of Article 14 of this Circular, there are currently 02 types of accounting books being used in securities companies:

– General accounting books include: Journals, Ledgers;

– Detailed accounting numbers include: Detailed accounting books.

According to the provisions of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC, securities companies will record accounting books manually or record accounting books using accounting software.

4.4. Financial reporting system regime of securities companies:

Pursuant to the provisions of Article 23 of Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC, the list of financial statements applicable to securities companies is specified as follows:

First, separate financial statements applicable to securities companies:

Second, List of Consolidated Financial Statements applicable to Securities Companies:

After preparing the financial and accounting reports of the securities company, the company's representative accountant will submit the financial reports to one of the following agencies:

– Ministry of Finance (State Securities Commission);

- Tax authorities;

– Statistics Agency;

- Business registration agency.

Legal documents used in the article: Circular No. 210/2014/TT-BTC of the Ministry of Finance issued on December 30, 2014, providing accounting guidance applicable to securities companies.